[ARTICLE] Textile-Based Assistive Wearables – Full Text

Abstract
Advances in computing technology such as conductive textiles and shrinking chip sizes offer new possibilities for assistive technology (AT). Wearable computing platforms provide many advantages (e.g., reachability, continuous support, communication) that may be especially useful for AT. We provide a snapshot of wearable assistive computing literature spanning the past 20 years in an effort to better understand the trends, usage patterns in this space. We focus especially on the emerging capabilities of textile-based wearable computing platforms. Additionally, we reflect on the trajectory of
these technologies and suggest potential directions for the development of computer-based wearable assistive technologies.

Introduction
Approximately 19% of the US population lives with a disability (Brault 4). Assistive technology (AT) can help overcome many challenges imposed by an inaccessible environment, such as through the use of sensory substitution (e.g., converting visual information into sound), alternative computer input and output (e.g., eye tracking), and communication support (e.g., text to speech).

AT presents both benefits and drawbacks, with an average of 1/3 of all AT devices abandoned often due to functional and social-cultural reasons (Kintsch and DePaula 2). Some of these problems may be addressed by creating AT that is less heavy, bulky, and obtrusive.

In this paper, we explore the benefits of textile-based wearable computing AT, as these devices may potentially provide support without drawing too much attention. The rise of mobile computing platforms and microelectromechanical systems have solved several power, weight,
size, and bandwidth constraints which previously hampered wearable computing development.

Similarly, advances in e-textiles (e.g., conductive fabrics) enable worn computers that are lighter, smaller, and more flexible, enabling them to be worn comfortably throughout the day or to be designed to look like “normal” attire, avoiding the unwanted attention that some AT produces.

This paper presents an overview of textile-based wearable assistive technology developed over the past 20 years. We specifically focus on how these wearable technologies (wearables) can improve usability, comfort, and social acceptability for people with disabilities (PwD), and identify general trends, opportunities, and challenges for developing new wearable AT. […]

Full Text PDF
 

 

[Thesis] Exploring In-Home Monitoring of Rehabilitation and Creating an Authoring Tool for Physical Therapists – Full Text PDF

Abstract

Physiotherapy is a key part of treatment for neurological and musculoskeletal disorders, which affect millions in the U.S. each year. Physical therapy treatments typically consist of an initial diagnostic session during which patients’ impairments are assessed and exercises are prescribed to improve the impaired functions. As part of the treatment program, exercises are often assigned to be performed at home daily. Patients return to the clinic weekly or biweekly for check-up visits during which the physical therapist reassesses their condition and makes further treatment decisions, including readjusting the exercise prescriptions.

Most physical therapists work in clinics or hospitals. When patients perform their exercises at home, physical therapists cannot supervise them and lack quantitative exercise data reflecting the patients’ exercise compliance and performance. Without this information, it is difficult for physical therapists to make informed decisions or treatment adjustments. To make informed decisions, physical therapists need to know how often patients exercise, the duration and/or repetitions of each session, exercise metrics such as the average velocities and ranges of motion for each exercise, patients’ symptom levels (e.g. pain or dizziness) before and after exercise, and what mistakes patients make.

In this thesis, I evaluate and work towards a solution to this problem. The growing ubiquity of mobile and wearable technology makes possible the development of “virtual rehabilitation assistants.” Using motion sensors such as accelerometers and gyroscopes that are embedded in a wearable device, the “assistant” can mediate between patients at home and physical therapists in the clinic. Its functions are to:

• use motion sensors to record home exercise metrics for compliance and performance and report these metrics to physical therapists in real-time or periodically;
• allow physical therapists and patients to quantify and see progress on a fine-grain level;
• record symptom levels to further help physical therapists gauge the effectiveness of exercise prescriptions;
• offer real-time mistake recognition and feedback to the patients during exercises;

One contribution of this thesis is an evaluation of the feasibility of this idea in real home settings. Because there has been little research on wearable virtual assistants in patient homes, there are many unanswered questions regarding their use and usefulness:

• Q1. What patient in-home data could wearable virtual assistants gather to support physical therapy treatments?
• Q2. Can patient data gathered by virtual assistants be useful to physical therapists?
• Q3. How is this wearable in-home technology received by patients?

I sought to answer these questions by implementing and deploying a prototype called “SenseCap.” SenseCap is a small mobile device worn on a ball cap that monitors patients’ exercise movements and queries them about their symptoms. A technology probe study showed that the virtual assistant could gather important compliance, performance, and symptom data to assist physical therapists’ decision-making, and that this technology would be feasible and acceptable for in-home use by patients.

Another contribution of this thesis is the development of a tool to allow physical therapists to create and customize virtual assistants. With current technology, virtual assistants require engineering and programming efforts to design, implement, configure and deploy them. Because most physical therapists do not have access to an engineering team they and their patients would be unable to benefit from this technology. With the goal of making virtual assistants accessible to any physical therapist, I explored the following research questions:

• Q4. Would a user-friendly rule-specification interface make it easy for physical therapists to specify correct and incorrect exercise movements directly to a computer? What are the limitations of this method of specifying exercise rules?
• Q5. Is it possible to create a CAD-type authoring tool, based on a usable interface, that physical therapists could use to create their own customized virtual assistant for monitoring and coaching patients? What are the implementation details of such a system and the resulting virtual assistant?
• Q6. What preferences do PTs have regarding the delivery of coaching feedback for patients?
• Q7. What is the recognition accuracy of a virtual rehabilitation assistant created by this tool?

This dissertation research aims to improve our understanding of the barriers to rehabilitation that occur because of the invisibility of home exercise behavior, to lower these barriers by making it possible for patients to use a widely-available and easily-used wearable device that coaches and monitors them while they perform their exercises, and improve the ability of physical therapists to create an exercise regime for their patients and to learn what patients have done to perform these exercises. In doing so, treatment should be better suited to each patient and more successful.

To Continue —> Download Full Text PDF

 

[Abstract] KinoHaptics: An Automated, Wearable, Haptic Assisted, Physio-therapeutic System for Post-surgery Rehabilitation and Self-care – Springer

Abstract

A carefully planned, structured, and supervised physiotherapy program, following a surgery, is crucial for the successful diagnosis of physical injuries. Nearly 50 % of the surgeries fail due to unsupervised, and erroneous physiotherapy. The demand for a physiotherapist for an extended period is expensive to afford, and sometimes inaccessible. Researchers have tried to leverage the advancements in wearable sensors and motion tracking by building affordable, automated, physio-therapeutic systems that direct a physiotherapy session by providing audio-visual feedback on patient’s performance. There are many aspects of automated physiotherapy program which are yet to be addressed by the existing systems: a wide classification of patients’ physiological conditions to be diagnosed, multiple demographics of the patients (blind, deaf, etc.), and the need to pursue patients to adopt the system for an extended period for self-care.

In our research, we have tried to address these aspects by building a health behavior change support system called KinoHaptics, for post-surgery rehabilitation. KinoHaptics is an automated, wearable, haptic assisted, physio-therapeutic system that can be used by a wide variety of demographics and for various physiological conditions of the patients. The system provides rich and accurate vibro-haptic feedback that can be felt by the user, irrespective of the physiological limitations. KinoHaptics is built to ensure that no injuries are induced during the rehabilitation period. The persuasive nature of the system allows for personal goal-setting, progress tracking, and most importantly life-style compatibility.

The system was evaluated under laboratory conditions, involving 14 users. Results show that KinoHaptics is highly convenient to use, and the vibro-haptic feedback is intuitive, accurate, and has shown to prevent accidental injuries. Also, results show that KinoHaptics is persuasive in nature as it supports behavior change and habit building. The successful acceptance of KinoHaptics, an automated, wearable, haptic assisted, physio-therapeutic system proves the need and future-scope of automated physio-therapeutic systems for self-care and behavior change. It also proves that such systems incorporated with vibro-haptic feedback encourage strong adherence to the physiotherapy program; can have profound impact on the physiotherapy experience resulting in higher acceptance rate.

Source: KinoHaptics: An Automated, Wearable, Haptic Assisted, Physio-therapeutic System for Post-surgery Rehabilitation and Self-care – Springer