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Archive for May, 2018
[WEB SITE] The effects of vitamin D on epilepsy
Posted by Kostas Pantremenos in Epilepsy on May 30, 2018
Student NT editor Rebecca Hammond says we should be mindful of the importance of vitamin D.
“Where has the sun gone?” and “Will we have a good summer?” are questions I and others living in Scotland have often asked ourselves.
Growing up, I always remembered vitamin D as being the ’sunshine vitamin’. However, since starting my nursing training, I have been interested in researching the importance and health benefits of vitamin D.
In the UK, we are encouraged to eat a healthy, balanced diet. This provides all needed nutrients excluding vitamin D. Oily fish has been identified as a significant source, whereas meat, egg yolks and other fortified foods, including margarine and some breakfast cereals, provide smaller amounts.
The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the UK is significant: during the winter, 30-40% of people in the general population and belonging to all age groups are vitamin D deficient. Near the end of the summer months, 13% of adolescents and 8% of adults are vitamin D deficient.
The intake of vitamin D and its status are imperative for overall health and wellbeing, as well as for bone and calcium-phosphate metabolism.
Without adequate vitamin D, bones may become brittle, thin or misshapen. Literature suggests that sufficient vitamin D status is protective against autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular disease, musculoskeletal disorders, neurocognitive dysfunction and respiratory infections.
Compared to the general population, individuals with learning disabilities have an increased risk of developing low bone mineral density, osteopenia, osteoporosis and fractures. This is mainly attributed to the higher prevalence of obesity or undernutrition, inactive lifestyles and polypharmacy.
Epilepsy is the most common neurological condition within the learning disability population. One in four people with a learning disability experience epilepsy, compared to one in five in the general population.
”The identified prevalence of vitamin D deficiencies among epilepsy patients is high”
Approximately, 30% of individuals with learning disabilities are prescribed anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs), an identified risk factor for fractures and low bone-mass density. Reasons for this have not been definitively known, but it could potentially be due to AEDs breaking down the body’s vitamin D stores at a higher degree than normal.
Consequently, this could result in AEDs causing a vitamin D deficiency, which could potentially lead to osteoporosis and osteomalaica and an increased risk of fractures.
The identified prevalence of vitamin D deficiencies among epilepsy patients is high, however, the number of research studies assessing the effect of vitamin D on seizure control is limited.
One of these research studies, conducted in 2012, measured vitamin D levels and through the administration of vitamin D3, normalised levels in 13 patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsy.
To identify whether vitamin D3 was impactful on seizure frequency, the study compared numbers of seizures during a 90-day period, prior and following treatment commencement. The study found the median seizure reduction to be 40% and concluded that normalisation of vitamin D levels can have an anticonvulsant effect.
Due to very little evidence on the effect of vitamin D on epilepsy, it is acknowledged that this area needs researched further. However, as nurses this is something we could be mindful of.
via The effects of vitamin D on epilepsy | Opinion | Nursing Times
[VIDEO] Homonymous Hemianopsia – YouTube
Posted by Kostas Pantremenos in Hemianopsia, Video on May 30, 2018
Describes what it’s like to have homonymous hemianopsia, and what issues a patient may have.
[WEB SITE] AIRBNB NOW PROVIDES 24 ACCESSIBILITY RELATED FILTERS FOR TRAVELERS WITH DISABILITIES
Posted by Kostas Pantremenos in Caregivers on May 29, 2018
More often than not, people with disabilities have to call up hotels or other places where they are staying beforehand, asking whether the room they will be staying in has suitable accommodations for them. In many cases, travelers face difficulties because of lack of accessibility features, which leaves them with a not so satisfactory experience. In order to provide reasonable accommodations to travelers with disabilities, AirBnb has introduced a set of 24 filters that will help them find homes that will make their stay worthwhile, provide them a lot more independence, and allow them to enjoy their vacation a lot more with the least amount of frustration.
If you go to AirBnb.com now, and search for “Homes” (accessible filters don’t show up for anything besides homes, like experience, restaurant, etc.), you will be provided with a new section called “accessibility” that lists the following filters:
Entering the home
• Step-free access
• Wide doorway
• Well lit path to entrance
• Flat path to front door
Getting around
• Wide hallways clearance Hallways at least 36″ (90cm) wide.
• Elevators If needed, contact hosts about the width.
Bedroom
• Step-free access
• Wide doorway
• Accessible-height bed
• Wide clearance to bed
• Electric profiling bed
Bathroom
• Step-free access
• Wide doorway
• Roll-in shower
• Bathtub with shower chair
• Accessible-height toilet
• Wide clearance to shower, toilet
• Fixed grab bars for shower
• Handheld shower head
• Shower chair
Common areas
• Step-free access
• Wide entryway
Parking
• Disabled parking spot There is a city-approved parking spot or a parking space at least 8ft (2.4m) wide.
However, getting to these filters may be just a bit tricky. Here’s how you get to them.
In the search box, type a location you plan to visit. Make sure to search for “Homes”.
Once the search results appear, click “more filters”.
Under more filters, look for the Accessibility section and then click “choose home features”.
This is where you will see a list of 24 accessibility related filters. Choose the ones you need for your stay, and click Save. Your search results will be updated now.
To see what accommodations a specific listing provides, click on it and scroll to the Accessibility section.
And there you have it. AirBnb’s filters are very specific, and can help you find a home that will meet your exact needs in terms of accessibility. Next time you travel, give these filters a try, and let us know how they worked out for you!
Source: Fast Company
[Abstract + References] A New Approach to Design Glove-Like Wearable Hand Exoskeletons for Rehabilitation – Conference paper
Posted by Kostas Pantremenos in Paretic Hand, Rehabilitation robotics on May 29, 2018
Abstract
The synthesis of hand exoskeletons for rehabilitation is a challenging theoretical and technical task. A huge number of solutions have been proposed in the literature. Most of them are based on the concept to consider the phalanges of the finger as fixed to some links of the exoskeleton mechanism. This approach makes the exoskeleton synthesis a difficult problem that compels the designer to devise approximate technical solutions which, frequently, reduce the efficiency of the rehabilitation system and are rather bulky.
This paper proposes a different approach. Namely, the phalanges are not fixed to some links of the exoskeleton, but they can have a relative motion, with one or two degrees of freedom when planar systems are considered. An example is presented to show the potentiality of this approach, which makes it possible: (i) to design glove-like exoskeletons that only approximate the human finger motion; (ii) to leave the fingers have their natural motion; (iii) to adapt a wider range of patient hand sizes to a given hand exoskeleton.
References
via A New Approach to Design Glove-Like Wearable Hand Exoskeletons for Rehabilitation | SpringerLink
[Abstract] Neuroimaging in epilepsy
Posted by Kostas Pantremenos in Epilepsy on May 29, 2018
Purpose of review Epilepsy neuroimaging is important for detecting the seizure onset zone, predicting and preventing deficits from surgery and illuminating mechanisms of epileptogenesis. An aspiration is to integrate imaging and genetic biomarkers to enable personalized epilepsy treatments.
Recent findings The ability to detect lesions, particularly focal cortical dysplasia and hippocampal sclerosis, is increased using ultra high-field imaging and postprocessing techniques such as automated volumetry, T2 relaxometry, voxel-based morphometry and surface-based techniques. Statistical analysis of PET and single photon emission computer tomography (STATISCOM) are superior to qualitative analysis alone in identifying focal abnormalities in MRI-negative patients. These methods have also been used to study mechanisms of epileptogenesis and pharmacoresistance.
Recent language fMRI studies aim to localize, and also lateralize language functions. Memory fMRI has been recommended to lateralize mnemonic function and predict outcome after surgery in temporal lobe epilepsy.
Summary Combinations of structural, functional and post-processing methods have been used in multimodal and machine learning models to improve the identification of the seizure onset zone and increase understanding of mechanisms underlying structural and functional aberrations in epilepsy.
[Abstract] Analyzing finger interdependencies during the Purdue Pegboard Test and comparative activities of daily living
Posted by Kostas Pantremenos in Paretic Hand on May 29, 2018
Abstract
Study Design
Bench and cross-sectional study.
Introduction
Information obtained from dexterity tests is an important component of a comprehensive examination of the hand.
Purpose of the Study
To analyze and compare finger interdependencies during the performance of the Purdue Pegboard Test (PBT) and comparative daily tasks.
Methods
A method based on the optoelectronic kinematic analysis of the precision grip style and on the calculation of cross-correlation coefficients between relevant joint angles, which provided measures of the degree of finger coordination, was conducted on 10 healthy participants performing the PBT and 2 comparative daily living tasks.
Results
Daily tasks showed identifiable interdependencies patterns between the metacarpophalangeal joints of the fingers involved in the grip. Tasks related to activities of daily living resulted in significantly higher cross-correlation coefficients across subjects and movements during the formation and manipulation phases of the tasks (0.7-0.9), whereas the release stage produced significantly lower movement correlation values (0.3-0.7). Contrarily, the formation and manipulation stages of the PBT showed low finger correlation across most subjects (0.2-0.6), whereas the release stage resulted in the highest values for all relevant movements (0.65-0.9).
Discussion
Interdependencies patterns were consistent for the activities of daily living but differ from the patterns observed from the PBT.
Conclusions
The PBT does not compare well with the whole range of finger movements that account for hand performance during daily tasks.
[WEB SITE] Healthcare Virtual Reality Enhances Clinician, Patient Satisfaction
Posted by Kostas Pantremenos in Virtual reality rehabilitation on May 28, 2018
Healthcare virtual reality is a versatile technology that can significantly impact education and patient engagement.
Source: Thinkstock
By – Healthcare organizations are considering new technology as innovative IT infrastructure tools make themselves available. Healthcare virtual reality (VR) is no exception and as its medical uses grow, more providers are considering it as part of their digital transformation.
The healthcare virtual reality is expected to grow at a CAGR of 54.5 percent through 2023, according to a recent Research and Markets report.
While the initial uses of VR in healthcare may not be immediately apparent, its applications can be spread through many facets in healthcare including surgery, education, pain management, rehabilitation, and therapy.
VR and closely related augmented reality (AR) technology are quickly progressing through the healthcare industry. A Kalorama Information report released late last year indicated that while healthcare organizations have not had the need or budget for VR, that view is beginning to change.
The Kalorama report discovered that the most effective use of VR and AR is in surgical settings to assist surgeons. The technology can give surgeons better precision and also help enhance robot-assisted surgery. Using technology this way can reduce the risk of patient harm through medical error which is currently one of the leading causes of death in the US.
“Augmented reality or ‘mixed reality,’ integrates, injects or superimposes virtual elements and visualizations over the real world,” Kalorama report authors explained. “Via virtual reality in healthcare applications, VR technology is able to produce VEs such as an operating room, surgical site, patient anatomy, or therapeutic simulation.”
The report qualified VR and AR applications based on their ability to manipulate medical imaging data or other inputs to generate virtual environments or overlay virtual elements over the user’s sight.
VR and AR in surgery are closely tied with surgical navigation and robot-assisted surgery. Organizations hope to eventually embrace virtual and augmented reality to help surgeons work more quickly and accurately, and eliminate potential human error during surgery.
The technology is not meant to replace surgeons;, it’s meant to provide them with more accurate information and visuals to help doctors make faster and more accurate decisions.
Medical education is another practical application of VR and AR in healthcare. Realistic surgical simulators can better prepare student surgeons for operating on actual patients by providing realistic views of surgical situations.
The report, Augmented Reality in Healthcare Education, said that there are many challenges in healthcare education and augmented reality can provide learning opportunities where “virtual learning experiences can be embedded in a real physical context.”
The Augmented Reality in Healthcare Education study found that 96 percent of the material studied claimed that AR is useful for improving healthcare education. The material outlined benefits of educational AR to include decreased amount of practice, reduced failure rate, improved performance accuracy, accelerated learning, and better understanding of special relationships.
VR and AR also have many patient facing uses as well for pain management, therapy, and can even be used to reduce fear in patients.
VR can be used for patient care and help patients gain a better understanding of their health. By showing the patient a virtual tour of their medical condition, such as a gastrointestinal test, she can better understand her medical condition.
Another example is controlling the environment to manipulate how a patient views something. For example the hematology clinic at Nationwide Children’s Hospital uses VR to put patients in a calming or entertaining environment while they undergo painful needle pricks and other treatment.
VR can also be used to put patients into a fearful environment to overcome it for therapeutic purposes.
VR and AR are complex technologies but are proving their worth in a healthcare setting. Visually enhancing clinician and patient experiences can significantly improve outcomes and both patient and clinician satisfaction.
via Healthcare Virtual Reality Enhances Clinician, Patient Satisfaction
[Abstract+References] Iterative Design of an Upper Limb Rehabilitation Game with Tangible Robots
Posted by Kostas Pantremenos in Paretic Hand, Rehabilitation robotics, Tele/Home Rehabilitation, Video Games/Exergames on May 28, 2018
Abstract
Rehabilitation aims to ameliorate deficits in motor control via intensive practice with the affected limb. Current strategies, such as one-on-one therapy done in rehabilitation centers, have limitations such as treatment frequency and intensity, cost and requirement of mobility. Thus, a promising strategy is home-based therapy that includes task specific exercises. However, traditional rehabilitation tasks may frustrate the patient due to their repetitive nature and may result in lack of motivation and poor rehabilitation. In this article, we propose the design and verification of an effective upper extremity rehabilitation game with a tangible robotic platform named Cellulo as a novel solution to these issues. We first describe the process of determining the design rationales to tune speed, accuracy and challenge. Then we detail our iterative participatory design process and test sessions conducted with the help of stroke, brachial plexus and cerebral palsy patients (18 in total) and 7 therapists in 4 different therapy centers. We present the initial quantitative results, which support several aspects of our design rationales and conclude with our future study plans.
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via Iterative Design of an Upper Limb Rehabilitation Game with Tangible Robots
[Abstract] A wearable monitoring system for at-home stroke rehabilitation exercises: A preliminary study
Posted by Kostas Pantremenos in Paretic Hand, Tele/Home Rehabilitation on May 28, 2018
Abstract:
When stroke survivors perform rehabilitation exercises in clinical settings, experienced therapists can evaluate the associated quality of movements by observing only the initial part of the movement execution so that they can discourage therapeutically undesirable movements effectively and reinforce desirable ones as much as possible in the limited therapy time. This paper introduces a novel monitoring platform based on wearable technologies that can replicate the capability of skilled therapists. Specifically, we propose to deploy five wearable sensors on the trunk, and upper and forearm of the two upper limbs, analyze partial to complete observation data of reaching exercise movements, and employ supervised machine learning to estimate therapists’ evaluation of movement quality. Estimation performance was evaluated using F-Measure, Receiver Operating Characteristic Area, and Root Mean Square Error, showing that the proposed system can be trained to evaluate the movement quality of the entire exercise movement using as little as the initial 5s of the exercise performance. The proposed platform may help ensure high quality exercise performance and provide virtual feedback of experienced therapists during at-home rehabilitation.
I. Introduction
Stroke is a leading cause of death and disabilities in adults, and the majority of its survivors suffer from upper extremity paresis [1]. There is scientific evidence that repetitive rehabilitation exercises and training could improve motor abilities as a result of motor learning processes [2]. Among many, a reaching movement is a fundamental component of daily movement that requires the coordination of multiple upper extremity segments [3]. It is shown that repetitive reaching exercises improve the smoothness, precision, and speed of arm movements [4]. To continue to improve and to sustain motor function, it is clinically important that patients continue to engage in rehabilitation exercises even outside the clinical settings [5], which emphasizes the importance of the home-based therapy.
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